Echinacea purpurea Root Extract

COMMON NAME

Echinacea | Purple coneflower | Echinaceae purpureae radix

TOP BENEFITS OF ECHINACEA PURPUREA ROOT EXTRACT

Supports general immune health*

Supports upper respiratory health*

WHAT IS ECHINACEA PURPUREA ROOT EXTRACT?

Echinacea purpurea is a flowering plant native to North America. It is one of several species of Echinacea used as a dietary supplement—others include E. angustifolia and E. pallida. E. purpurea was used by Native Americans for a variety of purposes, but it’s reputation as an immune tonic date to the Eclectics (specialists in botanicals from the late 1800’s). This reputation has endured: E. purpurea is one of the most widely used herbal immune tonics. The roots, flowering tops, or combinations of both can be used. We consider the roots as a better choice for long-term use. E. purpurea root extracts support an overall healthy immune system, essentially acting as an immune adaptogen. While the roots have a number of compounds [1,2], the complex arabinogalactan polysaccharides support innate immune cells in ways that are consistent with trained immunity. This means that root extracts provide a challenge for immune cells, which adapt to become fitter and more efficient.*

NEUROHACKER’S ECHINACEA PURPUREA  ROOT EXTRACT SOURCING

Echinacea purpurea Root Extract is a 4:1 extract made from selected roots.

Echinacea purpurea Root Extract is non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegan.

ECHINACEA PURPUREA  ROOT EXTRACT DOSING PRINCIPLES AND RATIONALE

Echinacea purpurea roots have been used as herbal immune tonics, with the dose used vary depending on the type of extract. For 4:1 extracts the established daily adult dose range is 150-300 mg [3]. We consider Echinacea purpurea Root Extract to follow hormetic principles similar to herbal adaptogens (see Neurohacker Dosing Principles). Herbal adaptogens tend to have a hormetic zone (or range) where there’s a favorable biological response, so it’s important to dose Echinacea purpurea Root Extract within the established dose range. Our dosage is consistent with this established dosage range.*

ECHINACEA PURPUREA KEY MECHANISMS

Supports immune health*

Supports general immune health [4–13]

Supports post-exercise immunity [5,10]

Supports innate immunity [4,14–23]

Supports adaptive immunity [5,16,24–28]

Supports cellular intrinsic immune defenses [29–33]

Supports mucosal immunity [5,27]

Supports immune tolerance [11,14]

Supports immune signaling [16,18,24,27,29,31,33–36]

Supports the hematopoietic stem cells that produce immune cells [13,14,21,23]

Supports healthy dendritic cell function [17,18,20,22]

Supports healthy natural killer cell function [4,13–16,19,23]

Supports healthy T cell function [16,24–27]

Supports healthy B cell function [5,27,28]

Supports a healthy gut microbiota*

Supports gut microbiota composition [37]

Promotes healthy aging*

Daily consumption supports healthspan in mice [23]

Supports stem cell function [38]

Counters cellular senescence [39]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.  This product is not intended to diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.

REFERENCES

[1] J. Barnes, L.A. Anderson, S. Gibbons, J.D. Phillipson, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 57 (2005) 929–954.
[2] A. Manayi, M. Vazirian, S. Saeidnia, Pharmacogn. Rev. 9 (2015) 63–72.
[3] European Medicines Agency, European Medicines Agency (2018).
[4] V. Goel, R. Lovlin, C. Chang, J.V. Slama, R. Barton, R. Gahler, R. Bauer, L. Goonewardene, T.K. Basu, Phytother. Res. 19 (2005) 689–694.
[5] H. Hall, M.M. Fahlman, H.J. Engels, Int. J. Sports Med. 28 (2007) 792–797.
[6] R.M. Brinkeborn, D.V. Shah, F.H. Degenring, Phytomedicine 6 (1999) 1–6.
[7] N. De Rosa, P. Giampaolino, G. Lavitola, I. Morra, C. Formisano, C. Nappi, G. Bifulco, Biomed Res. Int. 2019 (2019) 3548396.
[8] V. Goel, R. Lovlin, R. Barton, M.R. Lyon, R. Bauer, T.D.G. Lee, T.K. Basu, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 29 (2004) 75–83.
[9] B. Schulten, M. Bulitta, B. Ballering-Brühl, U. Köster, M. Schäfer, Arzneimittelforschung 51 (2001) 563–568.
[10] R. Schoop, S. Büechi, A. Suter, Advances in Therapy 23 (2006) 823–833.
[11] P.G. Neri, E. Stagni, M. Filippello, G. Camillieri, A. Giovannini, G.M. Leggio, F. Drago, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 22 (2006) 431–436.
[12] M. Jawad, R. Schoop, A. Suter, P. Klein, R. Eccles, Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2012 (2012) 841315.
[13] M. Brousseau, S.C. Miller, Biogerontology 6 (2005) 157–163.
[14] D. Delorme, S.C. Miller, Autoimmunity 38 (2005) 453–461.
[15] N.L. Currier, S.C. Miller, J. Altern. Complement. Med. 7 (2001) 241–251.
[16] S. Park, M.-S. Lee, S. Jung, S. Lee, O. Kwon, M.H. Kreuter, T. Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, B. Min, S.H. Yun, Y. Kim, J. Med. Food 21 (2018) 261–268.
[17] J.M. Benson, A.J. Pokorny, A. Rhule, C.A. Wenner, V. Kandhi, N.B. Cech, D.M. Shepherd, Food Chem. Toxicol. 48 (2010) 1170–1177.
[18] Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Wu, B. Wang, X. Chen, X. Xu, H. Chen, W. Li, X. Xu, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 73 (2017) 21–26.
[19] X.-H. Gan, L. Zhang, D. Heber, B. Bonavida, Int. Immunopharmacol. 3 (2003) 811–824.
[20] C.-Y. Wang, M.-T. Chiao, P.-J. Yen, W.-C. Huang, C.-C. Hou, S.-C. Chien, K.-C. Yeh, W.-C. Yang, L.-F. Shyur, N.-S. Yang, Genomics 88 (2006) 801–808.
[21] N.L. Currier, S.C. Miller, Exp. Gerontol. 35 (2000) 627–639.
[22] S.-Y. Yin, W.-H. Wang, B.-X. Wang, K. Aravindaram, P.-I. Hwang, H.-M. Wu, N.-S. Yang, BMC Genomics 11 (2010) 612.
[23] S.C. Miller, Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2 (2005) 309–314.
[24] F.N. Fonseca, G. Papanicolaou, H. Lin, C.B.S. Lau, E.J. Kennelly, B.R. Cassileth, S. Cunningham-Rundles, Int. Immunopharmacol. 19 (2014) 94–102.
[25] H. Zwickey, J. Brush, C.M. Iacullo, E. Connelly, W.L. Gregory, A. Soumyanath, R. Buresh, Phytotherapy Research 21 (2007) 1109–1112.
[26] J. Brush, E. Mendenhall, A. Guggenheim, T. Chan, E. Connelly, A. Soumyanath, R. Buresh, R. Barrett, H. Zwickey, Phytotherapy Research 20 (2006) 687–695.
[27] S. Mishima, K. Saito, H. Maruyama, M. Inoue, T. Yamashita, T. Ishida, Y. Gu, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 27 (2004) 1004–1009.
[28] B.J. Bałan, I. Sokolnicka, E. Skopińska-Różewska, P. Skopiński, Cent Eur J Immunol 41 (2016) 12–18.
[29] M. Sharma, J.T. Arnason, J.B. Hudson, Phytother. Res. 20 (2006) 1074–1079.
[30] S. Pleschka, M. Stein, R. Schoop, J.B. Hudson, Virol. J. 6 (2009) 197.
[31] M. Sharma, J.T. Arnason, A. Burt, J.B. Hudson, Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 20 (2006) 147–152.
[32] A. Ghaemi, H. Soleimanjahi, P. Gill, E. Arefian, S. Soudi, Z. Hassan, Intervirology 52 (2009) 29–34.
[33] M. Sharma, S.A. Anderson, R. Schoop, J.B. Hudson, Antiviral Res. 83 (2009) 165–170.
[34] M.R. Ritchie, J. Gertsch, P. Klein, R. Schoop, Phytomedicine 18 (2011) 826–831.
[35] S.M. Sharma, M. Anderson, S.R. Schoop, J.B. Hudson, Phytomedicine 17 (2010) 563–568.
[36] D.A. Todd, T.V. Gulledge, E.R. Britton, M. Oberhofer, M. Leyte-Lugo, A.N. Moody, T. Shymanovich, L.F. Grubbs, M. Juzumaite, T.N. Graf, N.H. Oberlies, S.H. Faeth, S.M. Laster, N.B. Cech, PLoS One 10 (2015) e0124276.
[37] L.L. Hill, J.C. Foote, B.D. Erickson, C.E. Cerniglia, G.S. Denny, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 31 (2006) 599–604.
[38] M. Abdelmonem, S.H. Kassem, H. Gabr, A.A. Shaheen, T. Aboushousha, Stem Cell Res. Ther. 6 (2015) 172.
[39] H. Xie, H. Zhu, C. Cheng, Y. Liang, Z. Wang, Pharmazie 64 (2009) 752–754.