Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract

COMMON NAME

Spirulina | Spirulina Water Extract


TOP BENEFITS OF SPIRULINA EXTRACT

Supports general immune health*

Supports mental and physical health*


WHAT IS SPIRULINA WATER EXTRACT?

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) is a blue-green algae. It’s considered to be a superfood because of its high concentration of nutrients, including protein, vitamins, and minerals. Spirulina is also rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity[1]. Because it is such a concentrated source of nutrients, in the late 1980s and early 90s, several space programs (including NASA) proposed it as a food that could be cultivated during long-term space missions. Spirulina grows in ponds and lakes throughout the world in tropical and subtropical areas. It is used as a food in the Lake Chad region of Africa. Aztecs and other Mesoamericans also used spirulina as a food source historically—the Aztecs called it tecuitlatl. Dried spirulina, typically sold as a powder or powder pressed into tablets, can be found in health food stores and has been a popular supplement since the early 1990s. A drawback with using the dried powder is that a dose of 2 grams or higher—based on human research—is needed to support immune health. The advantage of using Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is that it has been concentrated to such a significant degree that very low amounts are needed to produce immune support.* 


NEUROHACKER’S SPIRULINA WATER EXTRACT SOURCING

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is a patented extract backed by strong science; it has been researched for immune support.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is made from a proprietary strain of spirulina (strain FEM101). It is cultivated in a state-of-the-art microalgae production facility using natural spring water.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is concentrated for the spirulina compounds that support immune health such as phycobiliproteins (e.g., C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin) and sulfated polysaccharides. It contains not less than 1.8% phycocyanin, 1.4% C-phycocyanin, 0.4% allophycocyanin, 1.8% spirulina growth factor, and 1.6% nucleotide.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is produced by Far East Bio-Tech Co., LTD. (FEBICO), a leader in spirulina and chlorella production and microalgae extracts.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract is non-GMO, gluten-free, and vegan.


SPIRULINA WATER EXTRACT DOSING PRINCIPLES AND RATIONALE

Spirulina powder is dose dependent within the range it has been studied (typically 1-10 grams), though evidence suggests a threshold response (see Neurohacker Dosing Principles) when spirulina has been given by itself (i.e., the majority of the immune support benefits occur within the lower end of the dosing range). Research on Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Protein and Nucleotide Water Extract also suggests this threshold response; however, the dose range where this occurs is far lower than what would be the case with spirulina powder. This is because it takes about 45 grams of spirulina powder to produce 100 mg of the extract. The supplier has a recommended adult dose of the extract, which was determined based on their immune system research. We include an amount that is within their recommended dose range.*


SPIRULINA WATER EXTRACT KEY MECHANISMS

Supports healthy immune function*

Supports general immune health [2,3]

Supports post-exercise immunity [4]

Supports innate immunity [5–7]

Supports adaptive immunity [4,8–10]

Supports mucosal immunity [8,9,11,12]

Supports immune tolerance [4,8,9,13–16]

Supports cellular intrinsic immune defenses [10,17–19]

Supports healthy macrophage function [5,7,20]

Supports healthy microglia function [21–23]

Supports healthy natural killer (NK) cell function [5,24–26]

Supports healthy T cell function [4,10]

Supports healthy B Cell function [8,9,25,27–29]

Supports immune signaling [5,21]


Supports brain function*

Supports resistance to mental fatigue [30]

Supports neuroprotection [31,32]

Supports brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [33]

Supports auditory function [34–37]

Supports visual function [38]


Promotes general health and wellbeing*

Supports healthy metabolic function [39–46]

Supports liver health [43,46,47]

Supports exercise performance [41,48]

Supports resistance to physical fatigue [30]


Supports a healthy gut microbiota*

Supports a healthy gut microbiota [49–53]


Promotes healthy aging and longevity*

Supports antioxidant defenses [6,31,32,41,47,48,54]

Supports Nrf2 [38,55]

Supports mitochondrial function [56–59]

Counters reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress [31,32,46–48]


Complementary ingredients*

With curcumin and boswellia for thyroid support [60] 


*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, cure, or prevent any disease.


REFERENCES

[1] Q. Wu, L. Liu, A. Miron, B. Klímová, D. Wan, K. Kuča, Arch. Toxicol. 90 (2016) 1817–1840.
[2] C. Cingi, M. Conk-Dalay, H. Cakli, C. Bal, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 265 (2008) 1219–1223.
[3] C. Selmi, P.S.C. Leung, L. Fischer, B. German, C.-Y. Yang, T.P. Kenny, G.R. Cysewski, M.E. Gershwin, Cell. Mol. Immunol. 8 (2011) 248–254.
[4] A. Juszkiewicz, P. Basta, E. Petriczko, B. Machaliński, J. Trzeciak, K. Łuczkowska, A. Skarpańska-Stejnborn, J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 15 (2018) 9.
[5] T. Hirahashi, M. Matsumoto, K. Hazeki, Y. Saeki, M. Ui, T. Seya, International Immunopharmacology 2 (2002) 423–434.
[6] C.M. Tayag, Y.-C. Lin, C.-C. Li, C.-H. Liou, J.-C. Chen, Fish Shellfish Immunol. 28 (2010) 764–773.
[7] M.A. Qureshi, R.A. Ali, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 18 (1996) 457–463.
[8] O. Hayashi, T. Hirahashi, T. Katoh, H. Miyajima, T. Hirano, Y. Okuwaki, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 44 (1998) 841–851.
[9] C. Nemoto-Kawamura, T. Hirahashi, T. Nagai, H. Yamada, T. Katoh, O. Hayashi, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 50 (2004) 129–136.
[10] M.-E. Ngo-Matip, C.A. Pieme, M. Azabji-Kenfack, B.M. Moukette, E. Korosky, P. Stefanini, J.Y. Ngogang, C.M. Mbofung, Nutr. J. 14 (2015) 70.
[11] P. Balachandran, N.D. Pugh, G. Ma, D.S. Pasco, Int. Immunopharmacol. 6 (2006) 1808–1814.
[12] O. Hayashi, Y. Katayanagi, K. Ishii, T. Kato, J. Med. Food 12 (2009) 982–989.
[13] M. Cervantes-Llanos, N. Lagumersindez-Denis, J. Marín-Prida, N. Pavón-Fuentes, V. Falcon-Cama, B. Piniella-Matamoros, H. Camacho-Rodríguez, J.R. Fernández-Massó, C. Valenzuela-Silva, I. Raíces-Cruz, E. Pentón-Arias, M.M. Teixeira, G. Pentón-Rol, Life Sci. 194 (2018) 130–138.
[14] G. Pentón-Rol, N. Lagumersindez-Denis, L. Muzio, A. Bergami, R. Furlan, J.R. Fernández-Massó, M. Nazabal-Galvez, A. Llópiz-Arzuaga, T. Herrera-Rolo, T. Veliz-Rodriguez, N. Polentarutti, J. Marín-Prida, I. Raíces-Cruz, C. Valenzuela-Silva, M.M. Teixeira, E. Pentón-Arias, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 11 (2016) 153–167.
[15] M.F. McCarty, Med. Hypotheses 77 (2011) 1031–1033.
[16] T.K. Mao, J. Van de Water, M.E. Gershwin, J. Med. Food 8 (2005) 27–30.
[17] Y.-H. Chen, G.-K. Chang, S.-M. Kuo, S.-Y. Huang, I.-C. Hu, Y.-L. Lo, S.-R. Shih, Sci. Rep. 6 (2016) 24253.
[18] S. Ayehunie, A. Belay, T.W. Baba, R.M. Ruprecht, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 18 (1998) 7–12.
[19] A. Hernández-Corona, I. Nieves, M. Meckes, G. Chamorro, B.L. Barron, Antiviral Res. 56 (2002) 279–285.
[20] H.A. Al-Batshan, S.I. Al-Mufarrej, A.A. Al-Homaidan, M.A. Qureshi, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 23 (2001) 281–289.
[21] J.-C. Chen, K.S. Liu, T.-J. Yang, J.-H. Hwang, Y.-C. Chan, I.-T. Lee, Nutr. Neurosci. 15 (2012) 252–256.
[22] M.M. Pabon, J.N. Jernberg, J. Morganti, J. Contreras, C.E. Hudson, R.L. Klein, P.C. Bickford, PLoS One 7 (2012) e45256.
[23] I. Strömberg, C. Gemma, J. Vila, P.C. Bickford, Exp. Neurol. 196 (2005) 298–307.
[24] Y. Akao, T. Ebihara, H. Masuda, Y. Saeki, T. Akazawa, K. Hazeki, O. Hazeki, M. Matsumoto, T. Seya, Cancer Sci. 100 (2009) 1494–1501.
[25] M.A. Qureshi, J.D. Garlich, M.T. Kidd, Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 18 (1996) 465–476.
[26] C.H. Nielsen, P. Balachandran, O. Christensen, N.D. Pugh, H. Tamta, K.J. Sufka, X. Wu, A. Walsted, M. Schjørring-Thyssen, C. Enevold, Others, Planta Med. 76 (2010) 1802–1808.
[27] M. Løbner, A. Walsted, R. Larsen, K. Bendtzen, C.H. Nielsen, J. Med. Food 11 (2008) 313–322.
[28] O. Hayashi, T. Katoh, Y. Okuwaki, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 40 (1994) 431–441.
[29] W.-L. Chu, L. Van Quynh, A.K. Radhakrishnan, J. Diet. Suppl. 10 (2013) 229–240.
[30] M. Johnson, L. Hassinger, J. Davis, S.T. Devor, R.A. DiSilvestro, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 67 (2016) 203–206.
[31] H.Y. Lee, G.H. Ryu, W.Y. Choi, W.S. Yang, H.W. Lee, C.J. Ma, Pharmacogn. Mag. 14 (2018) 242–247.
[32] J.-H. Hwang, I.-T. Lee, K.-C. Jeng, M.-F. Wang, R.C.-W. Hou, S.-M. Wu, Y.-C. Chan, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 57 (2011) 186–191.
[33] K. Morita, M. Itoh, N. Nishibori, S. Her, M.-S. Lee, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 175 (2015) 892–901.
[34] Y.-C. Chan, J.-H. Hwang, PLOS ONE 12 (2017) e0178916.
[35] Y.-C. Chan, M.-F. Wang, J.-H. Hwang, Int. Tinnitus J. 22 (2018) 84–88.
[36] J.-H. Hwang, N.-C. Chang, J.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Chan, Audiol. Neurootol. 20 (2015) 322–329.
[37] J.-H. Hwang, Y.-C. Chan, BMC Neurol. 16 (2016) 159.
[38] T. Okamoto, H. Kawashima, H. Osada, E. Toda, K. Homma, N. Nagai, Y. Imai, K. Tsubota, Y. Ozawa, Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 8 (2019) 20.
[39] R. Yousefi, A. Mottaghi, A. Saidpour, Complement. Ther. Med. 40 (2018) 106–112.
[40] R. Zeinalian, M.A. Farhangi, A. Shariat, M. Saghafi-Asl, BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 17 (2017) 225.
[41] M. Kalafati, A.Z. Jamurtas, M.G. Nikolaidis, V. Paschalis, A.A. Theodorou, G.K. Sakellariou, Y. Koutedakis, D. Kouretas, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 42 (2010) 142–151.
[42] A.-K. Marcel, L.G. Ekali, S. Eugene, O.E. Arnold, E.D. Sandrine, D. von der Weid, E. Gbaguidi, J. Ngogang, J.C. Mbanya, Nutrients 3 (2011) 712–724.
[43] U. Jarouliya, J.A. Zacharia, P. Kumar, P.S. Bisen, G.B.K.S. Prasad, Indian J. Med. Res. 135 (2012) 422–428.
[44] R. Kishibuchi, N. Nishibori, T. Sagara, K. Morita, J. Diet. Suppl. 16 (2019) 521–529.
[45] J. Lee, A. Park, M.J. Kim, H.-J. Lim, Y.-A. Rha, H.-G. Kang, Nutrients 9 (2017).
[46] M. Coué, A. Tesse, J. Falewée, A. Aguesse, M. Croyal, L. Fizanne, J. Chaigneau, J. Boursier, K. Ouguerram, Nutrients 11 (2019).
[47] W.H. Al-Qahtani, M.A. Binobead, Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 26 (2019) 647–652.
[48] H.-K. Lu, C.-C. Hsieh, J.-J. Hsu, Y.-K. Yang, H.-N. Chou, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 98 (2006) 220–226.
[49] Y. Xie, W. Li, C. Lu, L. Zhu, S. Qin, Z. Du, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103 (2019) 8559–8569.
[50] J. Hu, Y. Li, S. Pakpour, S. Wang, Z. Pan, J. Liu, Q. Wei, J. She, H. Cang, R.X. Zhang, Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 9 (2019) 243.
[51] J.H. Park, S.I. Lee, I.H. Kim, Poult. Sci. 97 (2018) 2451–2459.
[52] A.M. Neyrinck, B. Taminiau, H. Walgrave, G. Daube, P.D. Cani, L.B. Bindels, N.M. Delzenne, Nutrients 9 (2017).
[53] H.E. Rasmussen, I. Martínez, J.Y. Lee, J. Walter, J. Appl. Microbiol. 107 (2009) 1108–1118.
[54] W.-L. Chu, Y.-W. Lim, A.K. Radhakrishnan, P.-E. Lim, BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 10 (2010) 53.
[55] J. Patil, A. Matte, H. Nissbrandt, C. Mallard, M. Sandberg, Neuroimmunomodulation 23 (2016) 250–259.
[56] G.A. Oriquat, M.A. Ali, S.A. Mahmoud, R.M.H.M. Eid, R. Hassan, M.A. Kamel, Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 44 (2019) 357–364.
[57] D. Nawrocka, K. Kornicka, A. Śmieszek, K. Marycz, Mar. Drugs 15 (2017).
[58] W. Pak, F. Takayama, M. Mine, K. Nakamoto, Y. Kodo, M. Mankura, T. Egashira, H. Kawasaki, A. Mori, J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 51 (2012) 227–234.
[59] A.D. Bachstetter, J. Jernberg, A. Schlunk, J.L. Vila, C. Hudson, M.J. Cole, R.D. Shytle, J. Tan, P.R. Sanberg, C.D. Sanberg, C. Borlongan, Y. Kaneko, N. Tajiri, C. Gemma, P.C. Bickford, PLoS One 5 (2010) e10496.
[60] F. Stancioiu, D. Mihai, G.Z. Papadakis, A. Tsatsakis, D.A. Spandidos, C. Badiu, Mol. Med. Rep. 20 (2019) 2332–2338.