Vitamin K2 (as K2VITAL® menaquinone-7)

Vitamin K is a collective term for a group of structurally related fat-soluble molecules (vitamers) that act as a cofactor for a carboxylase enzyme. This enzyme transforms glutamate residues in proteins to carboxyglutamate residues, which plays an important role in blood clotting and bone health. Dietary forms of vitamin K fall into two categories: (1) vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), which is obtained from vegetables, and (2) vitamin K2 (menaquinone), which is obtained from products of animal origin or fermented foods (e.g., cheese, natto). There are nine related vitamin K2 compounds—MK-1, MK-2 ... MK-9. The M stands for menaquinone, the K stands for vitamin K, and the n represents the number of isoprenoid side chain residues. In general, vitamin K2 is the preferred form for supporting bone and vascular health. Vitamin K2 is usually found in supplements as either MK-4 or the more bioavailable and potent menaquinone-7 (MK-7) [1].*

Top Benefits of Vitamin K2

Supports mitochondrial function *

Supports metabolic health *

Support cardiovascular function *

Neurohacker’s Vitamin K2 Sourcing

K2VITAL^® is a 99.7% all-trans MK-7 form of vitamin K2, identical to the K2 molecule found in nature and fully bioactive.

K2VITAL^® is a registered trademark of Kappa Bioscience AS, Norway, one of the most studied and best quality sources of vitamin K2 on the market.

K2VITAL^® is a non-GMO, gluten-free, vegan, Halal and Kosher certified ingredient.

Vitamin K2 FORMULATING PRINCIPLES AND RATIONALE

Average dietary intake of vitamin K2 has been estimated as being about 10-30 mcg (micrograms) a day in persons following Western diets [2]. The dose of vitamin K2 recommended in a dietary supplement will depend on the purpose and the form used. Of the available forms of vitamin K2, in general, shorter-chain forms like menaquinone-4 (MK-4) require much higher amounts than the longer-chain menaquinone-7 (MK-7). This is because, compared to vitamin K2 as MK-4, MK-7 is absorbed more readily and is more bioavailable [1]. In human studies, the most common dose range for MK-7 supplementation has been from about 45-360 mcg [3]. Depending on the purpose of our formulation, the amount of vitamin K2 as MK-7 supplemented can vary (i.e., a higher serving may be used to optimize bone health, while a lower serving would be used if it's intended to augment dietary intake of vitamin K2).*

Vitamin K2 KEY MECHANISMS

Supports mitochondrial structure and function*

Supports electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation (ATP production)* [4–15]

Alternative mitochondrial electron acceptor/donor (complex I-III bypass)* [4–6]

Supplies complex III cofactors/substrates* [13–15]

Supports healthy mitochondrial function* [6,7,16]

Supports mitochondrial morphology* [17]

Supports exercise performance*

Supports endurance performance* [18]

Supports resistance to muscle cramps* [19]

Supports post-exercise recovery* [4,5]

Supports healthy cardiovascular function*

Supports healthy blood coagulation* [20,21]

Supports healthy vascular structure* [20,21]

Supports cardiac output (during exercise)* [18]

Supports general health and well-being*

Promotes the formation of bone* [20,21]

Supports healthy immune signaling* [16,22,23]

Counters the generation of reactive oxygen species* [11,16,24]

Supports the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by the gut microbiota* [22]

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

REFERENCES

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